Chemical appearance:
Citric acid is a white crystalline powder. It is also presented as colorless granules or crystals. The granules do not have a distinct smell and stay stable in the normal room temperature.

Chemical application and strengths:

• • Despite being a monohydrate salt (crystallized from clod water) the salt can also crystalize in hot water to become anhydrous (water-free). This property becomes possible as it has a high melting point of 156 degrees Celsius. This property along with the ability to bond with other metal ions to form complex molecules makes it a good chelating agent for several industrial applications. Some of these applications include the removal of limescale from evaporators and boilers.

• • The industrial-grade citric acidis one of the active agents in the preparation of kitchen and bathroomcleaning agents. It is a strong breach with a PH of about 3.2, which makes it a good solution of removing rust from metals such as steel as it combines with rust particles with ease. In the same line, it reacts with free ions on the surface of stainless steel to prevent further corrosion.

• • Citric acid is also an alpha hydroxy acid. This property allows it to be used as an active ingredient in a number of skin products and chemical peels. It is also a good active ingredient for sterilization. This allows it to be used in the manufacture of antiviral tissues.

• • The food-grade citric acid is used in the preparation of lemon pepper seasoning. Ice cream manufacturers also use it as an emulsifying agent. When used as an emulsifying agent, it prevents the separation of fats and crystallization of sucrose. It can also be used in place of fresh lemon juice in various recipes. Other uses of citric acid include food coloring and balancing the PH of alkaline dyes.

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Chemical appearance:
Anhydrous citric acid is presented in a white crystalline powder. It is also packaged in the form of colorless granules or crystals. The crystals have no odor but have a strong acid taste.

Chemical application and strengths:

• • Anhydrous citric acid has similar properties to citric acid monohydrate. The difference is the crystallization procedure. While the monohydrate citric acid is crystalized in cold water, the anhydrous forms are crystallized in water at a temperature of 78 degrees Celsius. In the process, it loses all the water within the crystals.

• • Citric acid anhydrous is one of the strong edible acids. Due to that property, it is a common food additive to enhance its flavor. It is also used for preservation of foods especially candies and soft drinks. In addition, it reacts with different metals to form citrate salts that are used as dietary supplements for people who lack minerals such as iron, sodium and magnesium.

• • Ice cream manufacturers use citric acid as an emulsifying agent. It prevents the crystallization of sucrose as well as the separation of fats under cold temperatures. Chefs also use it in place of fresh lemon juice in preparing various meals.

• • On the industrial scale, citric acid anhydrous is reacted with sodium bicarbonate to produce a number of products due to the resulting effervescent effect. First, it is used in the preparation of antacid powders and tablets. The effect is also used in the manufacture of personal care products such as bath salts and bath bombs.

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